There are n numbers of users who use computer network and are located over the world. So to ensure, national and worldwide data communication, systems must be developed which are compatible to communicate with each other ISO has developed a standard. ISO stands for International organization of Standardization. This is called a model for Open System Interconnection (OSI) and is commonly known as OSI model.
The ISO-OSI model is a seven layer architecture. It defines seven layers or levels in a complete communication system. They are:
Application Layer, Presentation Layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data link Layer, Physical Layer.
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In networking and telecommunications, it cannot be read by unauthorized users. Cryptography comes from the Greek words "secret writing".
Read MoreAny criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrument, target, or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of "cyber crime".
Read MoreA thread is a single sequence stream within a process. Because of some properties of processes, they are called lightweight processes. Threads allow multiple executions.
Read MoreIt's a special area where you can find special questions and answers for CSE students or IT professionals. Also, In this section, we try to explain a topic in a very deep way.