Arrays in C++ :

Array Definition :

An array is a one of the data structure in C++, that can store a fixed size sequential collection of elements of same data type. Arrays are of different types :

  • One-dimensional (Single Dimensional) arrays
  • Multi-dimensional (Two Dimensional) arrays

A two-dimensional array is the simplest of multidimensional arrays. However, C++ allows arrays of more than two dimension.


Single Dimensional (1-D) Arrays :

The simplest form of an array is a singel dimensional array. The array is given a name and its elements are referred to by their subscripts or indices. C++ arrays index numbering starts with 0. The general form of an array declaration is as shown below :

type array-name[size];

Example :

  1. /* Description: array use to print your age in C++ language */
  2. #include<iostream>
  3. using namespace std;
  4. int main()
  5. {
  6. int age[1]={23};
  7. int i,ayan;
  8. for(i=0;i<=1;i++)
  9. {
  10. ayan=age[i];
  11. }
  12. cout << "My age is - " <<ayan;
  13. }

Output :

C++ language array use to print your age

Two Dimensional (2-D) Arrays :

A two-dimensinal array is an array in which each element is itself an array. For instance, an array a[m][n] in an M by N table with M rows and N columns containing M x N elements.

To read or process a 2-D array, you need to use nested loops. one loop processes the rows and another the columns.

Example :

  1. /* Description: matrix sum */
  2. #include<iostream>
  3. using namespace std;
  4. int main()
  5. {
  6. int a[10][10],b[10][10],sum[10][10];
  7. int i,j,m,n;
  8. cout<<" Enter order of Matrix Row | Columns :";
  9. cin>>m>>n;
  10. cout<<"\n";
  11. for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
  12. {
  13. for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
  14. {
  15. cout<< " No. "<<i <<"\t Enter 1st matrix Values : \n";
  16. cin>>a[i][j];
  17. }
  18. }
  19. cout<<"\n";
  20. for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
  21. {
  22. for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
  23. {
  24. cout<< " No. "<<i <<"\t Enter 2nd matrix Values : \n";
  25. cin>>b[i][j];
  26. }
  27. }
  28. cout<<"\n Calculating...\n";
  29. for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
  30. {
  31. for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
  32. {
  33. sum[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
  34. }
  35. }
  36. cout<<" Result :\n";
  37. for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
  38. {
  39. for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
  40. {
  41. cout<<sum[i][j]<<"\t";
  42. }
  43. cout<<"\n";
  44. }
  45. }

Output :

C++ language matrix sum

Array with Strings :

In C++, the one-dimensional array of characters are called strings, which is terminated by a null character ‘\0’.

Example :

  1. /* Description: simple array with string programming in C++ language */
  2. #include<iostream>
  3. using namespace std;
  4. int main()
  5. {
  6. char name[5] = {'A', 'y', 'a', 'N', '\0'};
  7. cout << " My name is : " << name << endl;
  8. }

Output :

C++ language simple array with string programming

Computer Science Engineering

Special Notes

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CSE Notes