Mathematical Calculations

<cmath>

In C++, the '<cmath>' header (or '<math.h>' in C) provides a set of functions for performing mathematical operations. Here's a simple C++ program that find the square root of a given number:

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#include＜iostream＞
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#include＜cmath>
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int main() {
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// Input: Get a number from the user
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double num;
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std::cout << "Enter a number: ";
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std::cin >> num;
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// Calculate square root using std::sqrt function
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if (num >= 0) {
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double squRt = std::sqrt(num);
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std::cout << "Square root of " << num << " is: " << squRt << std::endl;
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} else {
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std::cout << "Cannot calculate of a negative number." << std::endl;
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}
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return 0;
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}

Enter a number: 4
Square root of 4 is: 2

This program prompts the user to enter a number, then it calculates the square root using the 'std::sqrt' function from the '<cmath>' header.

• Some commonly used functions along with examples:

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#include＜iostream＞
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#include＜cmath>
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int main() {
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// Basic arithmetic functions
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double x = 4.0, y = 2.0;
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// Addition
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double sum = x + y;
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std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << std::endl;
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// Subtraction
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double difference = x - y;
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std::cout << "Difference: " << difference << std::endl;
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// Multiplication
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double product = x * y;
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std::cout << "Product: " << product << std::endl;
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// Division
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double quotient = x / y;
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std::cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << std::endl;
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// Exponential and logarithmic functions
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double base = 2.0, exponent = 3.0;
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// Power function: base^exponent
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double powerResult = std::pow(base, exponent);
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std::cout << "Power result: " << powerResult << std::endl;
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// Square root
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double sqrtResult = std::sqrt(x);
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std::cout << "Square root of x: " << sqrtResult << std::endl;
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// Logarithm to the base 10
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double logResult = std::log10(x);
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std::cout << "Logarithm base 10 of x: " << logResult << std::endl;
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// Trigonometric functions
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double angleInRadians = 45.0; // Angles are typically in radians
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// Sine
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double sinResult = std::sin(angleInRadians);
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std::cout << "Sine of " << angleInRadians << " radians: " << sinResult << std::endl;
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// Cosine
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double cosResult = std::cos(angleInRadians);
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std::cout << "Cosine of " << angleInRadians << " radians: " << cosResult << std::endl;
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// Tangent
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double tanResult = std::tan(angleInRadians);
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std::cout << "Tangent of " << angleInRadians << " radians: " << tanResult << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}

Sum: 6
Difference: 2
Product: 8
Quotient: 2
Power result: 8
Square root of x: 2
Logarithm base 10 of x: 0.60206
Sine of 45 radians: 0.850904   
Cosine of 45 radians: 0.525322 
Tangent of 45 radians: 1.61978

This is just a basic example, and there are many more functions available in the '<cmath>' header for various mathematical operations.